Encoding and Decoding

Encoding and Decoding are processes used to convert data into different formats for storage, transmission, or security purposes.

---

Encoding:

• Definition: The process of converting data (like text, images, or files) into a specific format or code to make it suitable for storage, transmission, or encryption.
• Purpose: Often used to ensure data can be safely and efficiently sent across networks or stored in a database.
• Example: Converting a string like “Hello” into a base64 encoded string:
  "Hello" → "SGVsbG8="

Common Types of Encoding:

• Base64 Encoding: Used to encode binary data into ASCII text.
• URL Encoding: Used to encode special characters in URLs.
• Character Encoding: Such as UTF-8 or ASCII, used for converting characters into binary formats.

---

Decoding:

• Definition: The reverse process of encoding, where the encoded data is converted back to its original form.
• Purpose: To retrieve or read the data that was encoded previously.
• Example: Converting the base64 encoded string back to its original text:
  "SGVsbG8=" → "Hello"

Common Types of Decoding:

• Base64 Decoding: Reverts base64 encoded text back to its original binary form.
• URL Decoding: Decodes URL-encoded strings into their original format.

---

Key Difference:

• Encoding is converting data to a standard format for safe storage or transmission.
• Decoding is converting the encoded data back into its original form for use or display.

These processes are widely used in areas like data transmission, cryptography, and web development to ensure compatibility and security.